Archaeological archives hold far more than evidence of the past. From human, faunal and botanical remains to artefacts, sediments and historic building materials, they can provide valuable insights for contemporary science, innovation and industry.

Historic England commissioned Harlow Consulting, working with Addyman Archaeology, to assess the contribution archaeological materials can make to non-heritage science and innovation. The aim was to build an independent evidence base showing how archaeological resources – including sites and archives from past excavations – can generate wider societal and economic value beyond heritage contexts. 

The research explored two connected questions. First, where has the use of archaeological material already demonstrated impact in non-heritage fields? Second, where is there untapped potential for archaeological archives to support future research, development and innovation?

Our approach combined archaeological expertise with a structured, desk-based research methodology. We mapped the range of archaeological materials that may be held in archives, considered the scientific techniques that could be applied to them, and identified the sectors where those insights could be valuable. 

Our mapping generated a longlist of potential case studies, which was refined with Historic England. Following further research and interviews with researchers linked to selected examples, 16 case studies were developed for the final report. These showed archaeology contributing to areas including astrophysics, ancient DNA research, disease and immunity, climate change adaptation, forensic science, biodiversity, sustainable food systems, and environmental change. 

The second component of the research considered where archaeological materials could have greater future impact. This highlighted the importance of well-curated, documented and accessible archives, alongside stronger collaboration between archaeologists, museums, scientists, engineers, designers and industry partners.

The final report provides a clear evidence base for the wider value of archaeological resources. It demonstrates that, when archives are properly curated, documented and made accessible, they can support new knowledge, cross-sector collaboration and long-term public benefit.